AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -They reproduce through leaves. These leaves are called sporophylls, which bear spores, that germinate in humid and moist soil to produce new ferns.

Detailed explanation-2: -Non-flowering plants can reproduce by spores or seeds. Plants like mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, known as ‘Bryophytes’, reproduce by spores. Bryophytes are nonvascular plants, which means they also lack roots, stems, and leaves.

Detailed explanation-3: -There are some non-flowering plants that don’t produce seeds. Instead, they use spores to reproduce. Spore producing plants include plants such as mosses and ferns. Spores are tiny organisms that usually contain only a single cell.

Detailed explanation-4: -Nonflowering plants like ferns reproduce by “seed-like” structures called spores. Spores are usually found on the undersides of leaves and look like tiny tufts of velvet. Spores are ripe when they easily fall off the leaf.

Detailed explanation-5: -Plants that reproduce by spores A parent plant sends out tiny spores containing special sets of chromosomes. These spores do not contain an embryo or food stores. Fertilisation of the spores takes place away from the parent, usually in a damp place. An embryo is formed and a new plant grows from it.