AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Contamination in tissue culture can originate from two sources, either through carryover of microorganisms on the surface or in the tissues of explants, or through faulty procedures in the laboratory. Plant surfaces are habitats for microorganisms (Campbell, 1985).

Detailed explanation-2: -Contamination in plant tissue culture consists of impurities, chemicals, or pathogens. These make the cultured tissues unfit for further development of healthy plantlets. It is quite difficult to get rid of contamination completely as plants are highly susceptible to get pathogen infection.

Detailed explanation-3: -These contaminants may originate from reagents or water used in media or buffers, or from equipment and supplies. Examples include free radicals, metal ions, disinfectant/detergent residues, or even endotoxins that persist after upstream bacterial contaminants are no longer present.