AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Animals pollinate an estimated 87.5% of flowering plants (angiosperms), with insects pollinating an overwhelming majority (70% of angiosperms) [1, 2]. This relationship is of ecological importance, given that angiosperms and their insect pollinators dominate terrestrial ecosystems [3., 4., 5.].

Detailed explanation-2: -Many angiosperm species rely on the interaction between animals and their flowers for reproduction. As insects, birds or other animals move from one flower to another feeding on nectar, they commonly distribute pollen from flower to flower as they go which leads to plants being pollinated and seeds to be produced.

Detailed explanation-3: -Most species of conifers, and many angiosperms, such as grasses, maples and oaks, are pollinated by wind.

Detailed explanation-4: -Around 90% of flowering plants (angiosperms) rely on animals such as bees to help them pollinate; when the insect transports pollen between flowers, it receives a reward (nectar etc.).

Detailed explanation-5: -Angiosperms are commonly referred to as flowering plants because they produce flowers that help facilitate pollination. Unlike gymnosperms, angiosperms usually rely on animal pollinators to take pollen from an anther connected to a stamen to a stigma, which forms part of the carpel.