AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -All the petals in the flower are collectively referred to as corolla. Sepals are under the petal, which together forms the calyx, and that lies below the corolla. These surround the flower’s reproductive parts, and they are brightly colored to attract pollinators. The reproductive organs of the plants are flowers.

Detailed explanation-2: -Petal: The parts of a flower that are often conspicuously colored. Stamen: The pollen producing part of a flower, usually with a slender filament supporting the anther. Anther: The part of the stamen where pollen is produced.

Detailed explanation-3: -The most common pigments in flowers come in the form of anthocyanins. These pigments range in color from white to red to blue to yellow to purple and even black and brown. A different kind of pigment class is made up of the carotenoids. Carotenoids are responsible for some yellows, oranges, and reds.

Detailed explanation-4: -The correct option is C Petaloid. ∙ In some plants, the sepals are brightly coloured like petals and so, are termed as petaloid. For example, the petaloid in gulmohur are red.

Detailed explanation-5: -Most flowering plant populations have uniform floral colours, but a minority exhibit within-population colour variation, either discrete (polymorphic) or continuous. Colour variation is commonly maintained by balancing selection through multiple pollinators, opposing selection regimes, or fluctuating selection.