AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -These stems run parallel to the ground and give off roots at certain intervals or nodes.

Detailed explanation-2: -A rhizome is a modified stem that grows horizontally underground; it has nodes and internodes. Vertical shoots may arise from the buds on the rhizome of some plants, such as ginger and ferns.

Detailed explanation-3: -Horizontal Above-Ground Stems Stolons are classified as either procumbent or repent. Repent stolons grow roots at nodes on the stem that are in contact with soil, while procumbent stolons do not. Plantlets develop at rooted nodes along the stolon and are severed from the parent plant as a means of propagation.

Detailed explanation-4: -description. In botany a stolon-also called a runner-is a slender stem that grows horizontally along the ground, giving rise to roots and aerial (vertical) branches at specialized points called nodes. In zoology, stolons of certain invertebrate animals are horizontal extensions that produce new individuals by budding.

Detailed explanation-5: -Note: Runner is a type of subaerial stem modification usually found in the grasses and given examples as spider grass, peppermint, strawberries and Bermuda grass. Modified plants such as underground stems that derived from the stem tissues under the soil surface.