AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The most common asexual propagation methods include cutting, layering, grafting and budding, which need specialised skill and are done differently in different plants. Growing of tissues in controlled conditions is an advance and recent method of vegetative propagation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Budding and grafting are asexual or vegetative techniques used to maintain the cultivated varieties (cultivars) nearly all of which are clones. Due to open pollination, more than 99 percent of all seedlings grown from clones bear fruit that is inferior to that produced by the parent trees.

Detailed explanation-3: -This is the most common and widely used form of vegetative propagation. Grafting – Grafting is propagation by combining a scion of one plant and connecting it to the stock of another. This form of propagation is primarily used with woody plants. There are many forms of grafts that can be done for many purposes.

Detailed explanation-4: -(a) Grafting is a method of artificial propagation in which the stem of two plants are cut, one with and the other without roots. Then the stems are then joined together to form a single plant. (b) The lower portion of the graft, which is the stem and with roots is termed as a stock.

Detailed explanation-5: -Cleft Graft One of the simplest and most popular forms of grafting, cleft grafting (Figure 2), is a method for top working both flowering and fruiting trees (apples, cherries, pears, and peaches) in order to change varieties. Cleft grafting is also used to propagate varieties of camellias that are difficult to root.