AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The nectar production during the brighter hours train the butterflies to the male plants position and they collect pollen during semi-darkness. The stigmatic surface of the female flowers is covered with pollen-sized bumps and mimics as the male flower to attract butterflies (Gilbert 1975).

Detailed explanation-2: -They rely mostly on flower colour for locating and identifying the flowers. While foraging on nectar, they carry pollen on their body parts. Evidence is available indicating that the flower-visiting butterflies need not function in every case as pollinators.

Detailed explanation-3: -Pollination is done with the help of biotic agents like butterflies, honeybees, and birds which help to transfer pollen grains from one flower to another flower, and thus result in fertilization.

Detailed explanation-4: -Entomophily, pollination by insects, often occurs on plants that have developed colored petals and a strong scent to attract insects such as bees, wasps, and occasionally ants (Hymenoptera), beetles (Coleoptera), moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera), and flies (Diptera).