AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Meristem culture refers to a process in which virus-free meristems are cultured( both apical and axillary) that are used to get virus-free plants by rapid multiplication. In this culture, at first virus-infected plants are treated with thermotherapy, and chemotherapy and shoot tips are collected.

Detailed explanation-2: -Meristem culture is a plant tissue culture technique in which a plant’s fastest growing tissue is cultured, and it is very helpful to produce virus-free plants, as the rate of meristem growth is always higher than virus cell to cell transmission.

Detailed explanation-3: -Meristems are the centres of plant growth located in apical and lateral buds as well as roots of berry species, especially in Fragaria sp. [6, 7]. Thus, meristematic tissue culture is an appealing technique to eliminate pathogenic bacteria, fungus, and viruses carried by adult plants.

Detailed explanation-4: -Final answer: To obtain virus-free healthy plants from a diseased one by tissue culture technique, both apical and axillary meristems of the diseased plant will be taken.

Detailed explanation-5: -Meristems are frequently devoid of systemic pathogen due to the absence of differentiated conducting tissues.