AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Common reporter genes include beta-galactosidase, luciferase, beta-lactamase, alkaline phosphatase and GFP (green fluorescence protein). Luminescence, absorbance and fluorescence detection methods are used typically to measure expressed reporter gene protein.

Detailed explanation-2: -Reporter genes are those genes that when introduced into target cells (e.g., brain tissues, cancer, and circulating white cells) produce a protein receptor or enzyme that binds, transports, or traps a subsequently injected imaging probe.

Detailed explanation-3: -Common reporter genes Commonly used reporter genes that induce visually identifiable characteristics usually involve fluorescent and luminescent proteins.

Detailed explanation-4: -Reporter Genes The gus gene, which encodes the enzyme -glucuronidase, is extensively used as a marker of plant transformation.