AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Plant tissue culture is defined as culturing plant seeds, organs, explants, tissues, cells, or protoplasts on a chemically defined synthetic nutrient media under sterile and controlled conditions of light, temperature, and humidity.

Detailed explanation-2: -The tissue culture plantlets are free from diseases/pathogens. It is possible to multiply plants that are difficult to propagate by cuttings or other traditional methods. Tissue culture plants yield better as they are produced under optimum environment from selected mother plants.

Detailed explanation-3: -Bacteria, viruses and fungi will grow more quickly in this environment than the plant cells that we are trying to culture. Thus the cultures will rapidly become contaminated with excessive growth of contaminants in a non-sterile environment.

Detailed explanation-4: -Sterile Environments for Plant Tissue Culturing Plant tissue culture in a controlled environment drastically reduces pathogens, fungi, and other microbes that interfere with reproductive mechanisms. Sterile conditions require the complete absence of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, yeast, and their spores.

Detailed explanation-5: -Plant tissue culture media are generally sterilized by autoclaving at 121 °C and 1.05 kg/cm2 (15-20 psi). The time required for sterilization depends upon the volume of medium in the vessel. The minimum times required for sterilization of different volumes of medium are listed below.