AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Spores and seeds are reproductive structures of plants which germinate to produce a new organism of the same species. Some spores are developed into male and female germ cells. The ovule contains egg cell in flowering plants. It is developed into a seed.

Detailed explanation-2: -Pteridophytes are vascular plants that produce spores. These include ferns, horsetails, clubmoss, and spikemoss. Pteridophytes can be distinguished from other spore-producing plants – bryophytes – by their vascular tissue.

Detailed explanation-3: -Spores. They are ripened ovules of a flowering plant. They are reproductive structures or cells capable of reproducing and growing into a new plant without involving fusion with another reproductive structure or cell.

Detailed explanation-4: -Seed plants and their ancestors are heterosporous, producing two types of spores that develop into two types of gametophytes, one male and one female.

Detailed explanation-5: -When the mycelium of a fungus reaches a certain stage of growth, it begins to produce spores either directly on the somatic hyphae or, more often, on special sporiferous (spore-producing) hyphae, which may be loosely arranged or grouped into intricate structures called fruiting bodies, or sporophores.