AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Transpiration is the process by which the process of water movement is achieved against the force of gravity. For this, xylem vessels act as a system continuously conducting water from the root tips through stems, leaves and finally reaching the veins and ending up at the mesophyll tissue of the leaves.

Detailed explanation-2: -The upward movement of sap containing water and dissolved minerals from the root cells to xylem is called the ascent of sap.

Detailed explanation-3: -The movement of water in the xylem is unidirectional and is always upward. The upward movement of water is due to pressure created by transpiration, i.e. transpiration pull.

Detailed explanation-4: -In plants, water and minerals are transported through xylem cells from soil to the leaves. The xylem cells of roots, stems and leaves are interconnected to form a conducting channel that reaches all parts of the plant body. The root cells take ions from the soil.

Detailed explanation-5: -Phloem helps in the upward conduction of water.