AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Xylem is a plant tissue that is complex and is responsible for water transport and nutrients to the plant. Xylem-type vessel cells can be either alive or dead. According to researchers and botanists, the elements of xylem tissue are dead except for the living parenchyma.

Detailed explanation-2: -Xylem consists of dead cells. The cells that make up the xylem are adapted to their function: They lose their end walls so the xylem forms a continuous, hollow tube. They become strengthened by a substance called lignin .

Detailed explanation-3: -The cells of xylem are dead at maturity and devoid of protoplasm except for xylem parenchyma cells, which are living cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -xylem fibers have lignin rich walls and a lumen at center, the fibers are dead and they provide anchorage to the plant.

Detailed explanation-5: -The xylem consists of tracheary elements, xylem parenchyma cells, and xylem fiber cells. Tracheary elements are dead, hollow cells with patterned cell walls comprising xylem vessels and tracheids, which function as conductive hollow tubes for water and nutrient transport throughout the plant body.