AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The root apical meristem is protected as it passes through the soil by an outer region of living parenchyma cells called the root cap. As the cells of the root cap are destroyed and sloughed off, new cells are added by a special internal layer of meristematic cells called the calyptrogen.

Detailed explanation-2: -Statement 1: Root cap protects the root meristem from the friction of the soil and its outer cells are continuously replaced by newer ones. Statement 2: The effect of the soil-friction damages the outer cells of root cap which are peeled off and replaced by new cells produced by root meristem.

Detailed explanation-3: -The root cap, which contains dead cells, protects the root from injury from rocks and other material as the root grows through the soil. The root cap also makes a slimy substance called mucigel (MUCE-i-jell).

Detailed explanation-4: -The root apical meristem (RAM) is the region within the root tip from which all primary root tissues and the root cap are derived. The RAM consists of many cells that are actively engaged in division, growth and differentiation.

Detailed explanation-5: -Root cap plays a vital role in gravity perception in plants. It protects the root from environmental stress. It enables the downward growth of the root. It helps in the easy movement of the root through soil.