AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -This layer is known as the endodermis, the innermost layer of the cortex. Next to endodermis, a few layers of thick walled parenchymatous cells are found, which is known as pericycle. The pith is small or absent or inconspicuous in dicot root.

Detailed explanation-2: -The endodermis (the innermost layer of the cortex adjacent to the pericycle) is composed of closely packed cells that have within their walls Casparian strips, water-impermeable deposits of suberin that regulate water and mineral uptake by the roots.

Detailed explanation-3: -The steles-cylinders of vascular tissues in the centres of fern stems-exhibit somewhat diverse patterns. Most common ferns possess a “dictyostele, ” consisting of vascular strands interconnected in such a manner that, in any given cross section of stem, several distinct bundles can be observed.

Detailed explanation-4: -The vascular cylinder consists of the phloem and the xylem, which occur in paired bundles known as vascular bundles. The purpose of the vascular cylinder is to transport water, nutrients, and carbohydrates throughout the plant.

Detailed explanation-5: -The endodermis is the innermost layer of the cortex and is not a component of stele.