AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Osmosis. The water passes from the soil to the root by osmosis. The long and thin shape of root hairs maximizes surface area so that more water can enter. There is greater water potential in the soil than in the cytoplasm of the root hair cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -Water moves into the roots from the soil by osmosis, due to the low solute potential in the roots (lower s in roots than in soil).

Detailed explanation-3: -Root hair cells improve plant water absorption by increasing root surface area to volume ratio which allows the root hair cell to take in more water. The large vacuole inside root hair cells makes this intake much more efficient.

Detailed explanation-4: -xylem, plant vascular tissue that conveys water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant and also provides physical support. Xylem tissue consists of a variety of specialized, water-conducting cells known as tracheary elements.

Detailed explanation-5: -Root hairs are the small tubular extensions of the root surface which help in the absorption of water and minerals from the soil. It increases the surface area for absorption. More number of root hairs will increase the surface area and increase water absorption also.