AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Age of a tree can be estimated by counting the number of annual rings in a cut stem. The two kinds of wood (spring and autumn wood) appear as alternate concentric rings of light and dark colour, respectively.

Detailed explanation-2: -Count the dark rings to calculate the age of the tree. Start in the middle of the stump or cross-section of wood and count the first dark ring you see. Continue counting outwards from the middle ring until you reach the last dark ring. The total number of dark rings represents the age of the tree in years.

Detailed explanation-3: -In temperate or cold climates the age of a tree may be determined by counting the number of annual rings at the base of the trunk or, if the trunk is hollow, at the base of a large root.