AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A waxy layer known as the cuticle covers the leaves of all plant species. The cuticle reduces the rate of water loss from the leaf surface.

Detailed explanation-2: -The epidermis secretes a waxy cuticle of suberin, which restricts evaporation of water from the leaf tissue. This layer may be thicker in the upper epidermis compared to the lower, and in dry climates compared to wet ones.

Detailed explanation-3: -To reduce water loss the leaf is coated in a waxy cuticle to stop the water vapour escaping through the epidermis. Leaves usually have fewer stomata on their top surface to reduce this water loss.

Detailed explanation-4: -Cuticle – It is an epidermal layer seen in vascular plants, cells of this layer release cutin which is a waxy substance, preventing water loss from the stomata.

Detailed explanation-5: -Thick waxy cuticle: The cuticle cuts down water loss in two ways: it acts as a barrier to evaporation and also the shiny surface reflects heat and so lowers temperature. Sunken stomata: Stomata may be sunk in pits in the epidermis; moist air trapped here lengthens the diffusion pathway and reduces evaporation rate.