AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Two highly specialized cells, the guard cells that surround the stomatal pore, are able to integrate environmental and endogenous signals in order to control the stomatal aperture and thereby the gas exchange. The uptake of CO2 is associated with a loss of water by leaves.

Detailed explanation-2: -Specialized cells known as guard cells surround stomata and function to open and close stomatal pores. Stomata allow a plant to take in carbon dioxide, which is needed for photosynthesis. They also help to reduce water loss by closing when conditions are hot or dry.

Detailed explanation-3: -During photosynthesis, leaves take in atmospheric CO2 and release O2 through stomata, microscopic pore structures in the leaf epidermis (singular = stoma). A pair of guard cells surrounds each stoma, and these cells control the opening and closing of the stomatal pore between them.

Detailed explanation-4: -Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata. When stomata are open to allow gases to cross the leaf surface, the plant loses water vapor to the atmosphere.

Detailed explanation-5: -A waxy layer known as the cuticle covers the leaves of all plant species. The cuticle reduces the rate of water loss from the leaf surface.