AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -What are the primary and secondary roots? Primary roots are the early roots in young plants that consist of taproots, basal roots, and lateral roots. Secondary roots are the side branches of the primary roots.

Detailed explanation-2: -Upon germination, the first structure to emerge from most seeds is the root from the embryonic radicle. This primary root is a taproot. In plants in which the taproot persists, smaller lateral roots (secondary roots) commonly arise from the taproot and may in turn produce even smaller lateral roots (tertiary roots).

Detailed explanation-3: -The primary root, or radicle, is the first organ to appear when a seed germinates. It grows downward into the soil, anchoring the seedling. In gymnosperms and dicotyledons (angiosperms with two seed leaves), the radicle becomes a taproot.

Detailed explanation-4: -Root systems are comprised of primary roots (PRs), which anchor the system into the soil by growing downwards, and lateral/secondary roots (LRs), which explore the soil through environmentally responsive radial growth and determine the overall root system size.

Detailed explanation-5: -Taproots and fibrous roots are the two main types of root systems. In a taproot system, a main root grows vertically downward with a few lateral roots. Fibrous root systems arise at the base of the stem, where a cluster of roots forms a dense network that is shallower than a taproot.