AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -An axillary bud, the precursor of a branch or lateral shoot, is formed at the junction between a leaf and the stem. The shoot apex tends to inhibit outgrowth of axillary buds, a phenomenon called apical dominance. Removal of the shoot tip leads to growth of these buds to produce lateral shoots.

Detailed explanation-2: -The bud scales enclose and protect the embyonic cells of the apical meristem which can remain dormant for extended periods. Bud scales are often covered by leaf wax and hairs which help protect the apical meristem from dessication and other environmental stresses.

Detailed explanation-3: -The area between leaves is called an internode. At the node, just above where the leaf is attached there is always a side bud, called the lateral bud. On the outside of both terminal and lateral buds are small protec-tive structures, called bud scales.

Detailed explanation-4: -In botany, a stoma (from Greek , “mouth", plural “stomata"), also called a stomate (plural “stomates"), is a pore found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that controls the rate of gas exchange.