AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The vascular tissue of the stem consists of the complex tissues xylem and phloem which carry water and nutrients up and down the length of the stem and are arranged in distinct strands called vascular bundles.

Detailed explanation-2: -Stem usually consist of three tissues, dermal tissue, ground tissue and vascular tissue. The dermal tissue covers the outer surface of the stem and usually functions to waterproof, protect and control gas exchange. The ground tissue usually consists mainly of parenchyma cells and fills in around the vascular tissue.

Detailed explanation-3: -The ferns, gymnosperms, and flowering plants are all vascular plants. Because they possess vascular tissues, these plants have true stems, leaves, and roots.

Detailed explanation-4: -Discrete clusters of xylem and phloem tissues, known as vascular bundles, run longitudinally along the stem. The vascular system of monocots (e.g., grasses) consists of vascular bundles scattered across the stem, while the vascular system of dicots (e.g., roses) features vascular tissues that surround a central pith.

Detailed explanation-5: -The three basic organs of vascular plants are roots, stems and leaves but commonly these organs have become specialized for specific functions and do not look ‘typical’.