AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The cuticles are protective, hydrophobic, waxy coverings produced by the epidermal cells of leaves, young shoots and all other aerial plant organs. Cuticles minimize water loss and effectively reduce pathogen entry due to their waxy secretion.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Cuticle and Upper Epidermis This outermost layer is called the cuticle. It is generally waxy to protect the leaf and prevent water loss.

Detailed explanation-3: -Upper epidermis The cells are quite transparent and permit most of the light that strikes them to pass through to the underlying cells. The upper surface is covered with a waxy, waterproof cuticle, which serves to reduce water loss from the leaf.

Detailed explanation-4: -The cuticle is a waxy layer secreted by the epidermis on the two surfaces of the leaf. It serves to prevent evaporation of water from the leaf surface.

Detailed explanation-5: -Lower Epidermis: A protective layer of cells. The lower epidermis produces a waxy cuticle too in some plant species. The lower epidermis contains pores called stomata that allow carbon dioxide and oxygen to move in and out of the plant respectively.