AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -High temperature increases the risk of both heat damage and water shortage to plants. The former can be minimized by leaf cooling, achieved through the evaporation of water from stomata, in a process known as transpiration 6, 7, 8.

Detailed explanation-2: -As the temperature increases, transpiration will increase due to a higher concentration in sunlight and warm air. However, if temperatures remain high for long periods of time eventually leading to drought, transpiration may go down to conserve water in the plant.

Detailed explanation-3: -Most of the water a plant loses is lost due to a natural process called transpiration. Plants have little pores (holes or openings) on the underside of their leaves, called stomata. Plants will absorb water through their roots and release water as vapor into the air through these stomata.

Detailed explanation-4: -High temperature considerably influences the crops by affecting several physiological injuries like leaf abscission, leaf scorching, senescence, and root and shoot growth limitation that subsequently leads to a reduction in yield.

Detailed explanation-5: -Higher temperatures cause the plant cells which control the openings (stoma) where water is released to the atmosphere to open, whereas colder temperatures cause the openings to close. Wind & air movement: Increased movement of the air around a plant will result in a higher transpiration rate.