AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Apoplast is the space outside the plasma membrane that allows free movement of material. This route plays a crucial role, and allows diffusion of a solvent across the tissue or organ. The response to different environmental and biotic stimuli in apoplast can be an oxidative or respiratory burst (Fig. 1).

Detailed explanation-2: -In bacterial and plant cells, a cell wall is attached to the plasma membrane on its outside surface.

Detailed explanation-3: -Nowadays, the apoplast is defined as the intercellular space filled with gas and water, contained between cell membranes, the interfibrillar and intermicellar space of the cell walls, and the xylem extending to the rhizoplane and cuticle of the outer plant surface (Figure 1).

Detailed explanation-4: -The symplast is the living region present between two cells which connects one cell with the other. The apoplast pathway is the path in which the water is moving between the intercellular spaces. The apoplast includes the non living spaces between the cells and the cell membranes.

Detailed explanation-5: -The apoplastic movement of water occurs exclusively through the intercellular spaces and the walls of the cells, depending on the water gradient.