AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Plasmolysis occurs when water moves out of the cell and the cell membrane of a cell shrinks away from its cell wall. Water moves from high water potential (inside the cell) to low water potential (external solution). Thus the correct answer is Shrinkage of cytoplasm in hypertonic solution, option (C).

Detailed explanation-2: -Plasmolysis occurs when water moves out of the cell and the protoplasm of the plant shrinks away from its cell wall. This occurs when the cell is placed in hypertonic solution (solution having more concentration of solute than cytoplasm of the cell). Water is first lost from the cytoplasm and then from the vacuole.

Detailed explanation-3: -Plasmolysis is the process of shrinking of plasma membrane from the cell wall when the cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. This happens due to exosmosis as water moves out of cell into the solution.

Detailed explanation-4: -Plasmolysis is the process in which cells lose water in a hypertonic solution. The reverse process, cytolysis, can occur if the cell is in a hypotonic solution resulting in a lower external osmotic pressure and a net flow of water into the cell.