AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Osmosis is a special type of diffusion, namely the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane. Water readily crosses a membrane down its potential gradient from high to low potential (Fig. 19.3) [4]. Osmotic pressure is the force required to prevent water movement across the semipermeable membrane.

Detailed explanation-2: -Both diffusion and osmosis are passive transport processes, which means they do not require any input of extra energy to occur. In both diffusion and osmosis, particles move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.

Detailed explanation-3: -In osmosis, water moves from areas of low concentration of solute to areas of high concentration of solute.

Detailed explanation-4: -Osmosis is a process of movement of solvents through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration. On the contrary, diffusion does not require a semi-permeable membrane to occur and the molecules move from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration.

Detailed explanation-5: -During active transport, substances move against the concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. This process is “active” because it requires the use of energy (usually in the form of ATP). It is the opposite of passive transport.