AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Xylem transports water, minerals, and nutrients from the soil to all the plant parts. There are two types of “transport” tissues in plants-xylem and phloem. Water and solutes are transported by the xylem from the roots to the leaves, and food is transported from the leaves to the rest of the plant by the phloem.

Detailed explanation-2: -Nitrate ions are transported up the plant in the xylem and can be used to make amino acids etc.

Detailed explanation-3: -Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to stems and leaves. Phloem transports food (sugar dissolved in water) from photosynthetic cells to other parts of the plant for growth or storage.

Detailed explanation-4: -Ions enter the plant via diffusion or active transport. Diffusion is the movement of ions from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, whereas active transport is the movement of ions from an area of high concentration to low-this requires energy. Ions travel up th xylem to reach the leaves.

Detailed explanation-5: -Minerals are transported by specific proteins present in the membrane of the root hairs. Transport proteins are embedded in the plasma membranes of endodermal cells and control the type and amount of solutes reaching the xylem.