AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Active transport is the process that helps to move the molecules against a concentration gradient. So, the active transport is the process that moves mineral ions into root hair cells through membrane proteins.

Detailed explanation-2: -Mineral ions must be transported against a concentration gradient. Active transport ensures that the required mineral ions are absorbed from the dilute solutions within the soil into the root hair cells. This process requires energy.

Detailed explanation-3: -For plants to take up mineral ions, ions are moved into root hairs, where they are in a higher concentration than in the dilute solutions in the soil. Active transport then occurs across the root so that the plant takes in the ions it needs from the soil around it.

Detailed explanation-4: -They cannot be absorbed by diffusion, because the minerals are in very low concentration. Instead, active transport is used. The root hair cells have carrier proteins in their cell membranes. These pick up the mineral ions and move them across the membrane into the cell against the concentration gradient .

Detailed explanation-5: -Plants absorb water from the soil by osmosis. They absorb mineral ions by active transport, against the concentration gradient. Root hair cells are adapted for taking up water and mineral ions by having a large surface area to increase the rate of absorption.