AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Plants that are deficient in nitrogen have stunted growth, depending on the severity of the deficiency. Leaf growth is inhibited; younger leaves are inhibited in particular. Longitudinal shoot growth is inhibited, as is the increase in thickness.

Detailed explanation-2: -Without nitrates, the amount of chlorophyll in leaves reduces. This means leaves turn a pale green or yellow colour. This reduces the plant’s ability to photosynthesise and grow properly, which reduces the farmers’ crop yield .

Detailed explanation-3: -Calcium (Ca) Calcium is needed by plants to produce new growing points and root tips. Deficiency symptoms: New foliage, buds and roots have stunted growth. Younger leaves curl downwards with browning of leaf edges and leaf tips, also known as tip burn.

Detailed explanation-4: -If there is not enough nitrogen in the soil, the result is a deficiency. An extremely high pH level, disease, damage and lower soil temperatures can cause the roots of the plant to become dysfunctional. The roots are then unable to absorb nitrogen. Nitrogen can also be washed from the soil.

Detailed explanation-5: -Excess nitrogen can cause plants to grow excessively and develop overly succulent leaves and shoots, which promotes outbreaks of certain sucking insects and mites. Excessive nitrogen causes fruiting plants to produce relatively more foliage, reducing their fruit production and delaying fruit maturity.