AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Waxy cuticles, trichomes (leaf hairs), sunken stomata, and other leaf adaptations also help reduce transpiration rates by keeping the leaf surface cool or protecting it from air currents that increase evaporation.

Detailed explanation-2: -A transpiration pull could be simply defined as a biological process in which the force of pulling is produced inside the xylem tissue. This force helps in the upward movement of water into the xylem vessels.

Detailed explanation-3: -Transpiration also provides the driving force for transport of water and nutrients from roots to shoots. Consequently, transpiration processes affect the yield and survival of agricultural species, and impact on the global carbon and hydrological cycles.

Detailed explanation-4: -It is the rate ratio of the mass of water transpired to the matter product (dry matter). It is also known as the transpiration ratio. For most of the crops, the transpiration ratio is between 200 and 1000. This defines that ‘for every kg of dry matter, crop plants transpire 200-1000 kg of water’.