AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -stomate, also called stoma, plural stomata or stomas, any of the microscopic openings or pores in the epidermis of leaves and young stems.

Detailed explanation-2: -Stomata are pores on the leaf surface, which are formed by a pair of curved, tubular guard cells; an increase in turgor pressure deforms the guard cells, resulting in the opening of the stomata.

Detailed explanation-3: -This evolutionary innovation is so central to plant identity that nearly all land plants use the same pores-called stomata-to take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Stomata are tiny, microscopic and critical for photosynthesis. Thousands of them dot on the surface of the plants.

Detailed explanation-4: -The opening and closing of stomata are controlled by specialized cells called guard cells. The turgor pressure in the guard cells controls the opening and closing of the guard cells. Stomatal pores open when guard cells enlarge as a result of water absorption and close when guard cells shrink.