AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The lower epidermis is located on the underside of leaves. Stomata are usually present on the lower epidermis. In order to minimize transpiration that occurs with gas exchange, most dicot plants have their stomata on the lower epidermis.

Detailed explanation-2: -In most cases, the lower epidermis contains more stomata than the upper epidermis because the bottom of the leaf is cooler and less prone to water loss.

Detailed explanation-3: -The leaf epidermis has small pores, called stomata, which open up for photosynthetic gas exchange and transpiration. Stomata are scattered throughout the epidermis, but are typically more numerous on the lower leaf surface.

Detailed explanation-4: -Typically, most of the stomata (thousands per square centimeter) are located in the lower epidermis. Although most of the cells of the lower epidermis resemble those of the upper epidermis, each stoma is flanked by two sausage-shaped cells called guard cells.

Detailed explanation-5: -The lower epidermis of a leaf contains stomata and guard cells that allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf, and oxygen and excess water to exit the leaf.