AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Pollen is not transferred within the plant.

Detailed explanation-2: -Oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported through tiny holes (pores) on the surface of leaves and stems through a network of air spaces within the plant to and from all living cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) from the air and soil. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized, meaning it loses electrons, while the carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose.

Detailed explanation-4: -CO2 fluxes in plant stems and leaves. Up to 50% of root-respired CO2 is transferred via the xylem stream aboveground (Bloemen et al., 2013) and reaches the stem sapwood (in woody plants).

Detailed explanation-5: -The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the leaf (as well as the loss of water vapor in transpiration) occurs through pores called stomata (singular = stoma). Normally stomata open when the light strikes the leaf in the morning and close during the night.