AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Not all cells respond to the same signals, and one cell may respond to the same signal in different ways. Different cells can respond in different ways to the same signal. The way a cell responds to a particular signal depends on the signal transduction pathways present in the cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -Answer and Explanation: Cells do not respond to every signal. Cells only respond to signals that they have the receptors to detect. This is how specificity occurs even though all cells in the body are exposed to the same hormones in the blood.

Detailed explanation-3: -Ligands and receptors are highly specific; a specific ligand will have a specific receptor that typically binds only that ligand. Not all cells have receptors for each ligand, so that only cells that have the receptor are capable of detecting and responding to the signal.

Detailed explanation-4: -A cell within a multicellular organism may need to signal to other cells that are at various distances from the original cell (Figure 1). Not all cells are affected by the same signals. Different types of signaling are used for different purposes.