AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The symplastic transport is a unique pathway found only in plants mediated by plasmodesmata (PD), plant-specific structures that enable direct communication between cells (Fig. 3). PD are plasma membrane-lined pores that provide cytoplasmic connection by traversing cell walls of adjacent cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -Plasmodesmata (Pd) are co-axial membranous channels that cross walls of adjacent plant cells, linking the cytoplasm, plasma membranes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of cells and allowing direct cytoplasmic cell-to-cell communication of both small molecules and macromolecules (proteins and RNA).

Detailed explanation-3: -Plant cells communicate with each other via narrow channels embedded across adjacent cell walls. These channels, called plasmodesmata, allow molecules to pass between cells, thereby enabling plants to grow normally and develop tissues and organs.

Detailed explanation-4: -Plasmodesma-mediated communication allows plant cells to dispatch mobile forms of intracellular information to adjacent cells within a tissue or organ. Moreover, using plasmodesmata in conjunction with a phloem-based transport system, plant cells can deploy supracellular, long-distance signalling.

Detailed explanation-5: -Plasmodesmata (PD) are gated plant cell wall channels that allow the trafficking of molecules between cells and play important roles during plant development and in the orchestration of cellular and systemic signaling responses during interactions of plants with the biotic and abiotic environment.