AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Which of the following is involved in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis? Explanation: Cytochrome c is the compound involved in intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. It is also a component of electron transport chain and mitochondrion. As the process of apoptosis initiates, the cells lose contact with the environment.

Detailed explanation-2: -There are 4 stages of apoptosis: the initiation or stimulus for cell death, the active programmed cell death when the events become irreversible, phagocytosis of the dead cellular material, and inhibitory mechanisms of apoptosis.

Detailed explanation-3: -Apoptosis is characterised by a series of typical morphological features, such as shrinkage of the cell, fragmentation into membrane-bound apoptotic bodies and rapid phagocytosis by neighbouring cells.