AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -As shown in Figure 22-2, adenylyl cyclase forms cAMP by creating a cyclic phosphodiester bond with the -phosphate group of ATP, with the concomitant release of pyrophosphate, which provides energy for the reaction.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cyclic AMP is synthesized from ATP by adenylate cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane and anchored at various locations in the interior of the cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -Studies of chemical mechanisms in adenylyl cyclases (AC) are justified by an importance of the enzyme-catalyzed conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).

Detailed explanation-4: -Adenylate cyclase (AC) is the only enzyme that generates the second messenger 3′:5′-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) out of ATP. Cyclic AMP modifies cell function in virtually all eukaryotic cells through the activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase or through cyclic AMP-gated ion channels.