AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Once generated, cAMP can activate an enzyme called protein kinase A (PKA), enabling it to phosphorylate its targets and pass along the signal. Protein kinase A is found in a variety of types of cells, and it has different target proteins in each.

Detailed explanation-2: -Protein kinase A (PKA) is activated by the binding of cyclic AMP (cAMP), which causes it to undergo a conformational change.

Detailed explanation-3: -Activation of protein kinase A and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP promotes adipocyte differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One.

Detailed explanation-4: -Protein kinase A (PKA) is activated by elevations in cAMP and is a prominent and well-studied effector of cAMP signaling. PKA exists as a heterotetramer of two catalytic and two regulatory subunits.

Detailed explanation-5: -We report that cAMP stimulates proliferation through both protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent and PKA-independent signaling pathways and that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is required for cAMP-stimulated mitogenesis.