THE CELL
CELL COMMUNICATION
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Receptor unable to bind to a ligand.
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Alters response of the cell.
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No changes in transduction due to initial signal transduction from ligand.
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Amplification of signaling pathway to bind more ligands.
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Detailed explanation-1: -Mutations in any domain of the receptor protein or in any component of the signaling pathway may affect the downstream components by altering the subsequent transduction of the signal. b. Chemicals that interfere with any component of the signaling pathway may activate or inhibit the pathway.
Detailed explanation-2: -For instance, if the gene that creates the receptor protein gets mutated, it could disrupt the entire signal transduction pathway. By contrast, if an enzyme at the end of the signal cascade is subject to mutation, this may result in less of a change to the overall cellular response.
Detailed explanation-3: -These signaling pathways are controlled by signaling proteins, which are, in turn, expressed by genes. Mutations in these genes can result in malfunctioning signaling proteins. This prevents the cell from regulating its cell cycle, triggering unrestricted cell division and cancer.
Detailed explanation-4: -The most common signal transduction process is protein phosphorylation, where proteins are catalyzed by enzymes known as protein kinases. Signal transduction results in a desired cellular response. This can depend on the type of cell itself. Major pathways include the MAPK/ERK pathway and the cAMP-dependent pathway.