THE CELL
CELL COMMUNICATION
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Protein phosphatase adds a phosphate to a relay molecule which causes a change in shape to activate.
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Protein kinase adds a phosphate to a relay molecule which causes a change in shape to activate.
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ATP adds a phosphate to a relay molecule which causes a change in shape to activate.
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Mitochondria adds a phosphate to a relay molecule which causes a change in shape to activate.
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Detailed explanation-1: -Phosphorylation reactions often occur in series, or cascades, in which one kinase activates the next. These cascades serve to amplify the original signal, but also improving the signal (less noise) and allowing for cross talk between different pathways.
Detailed explanation-2: -A phosphorylation cascade is a sequence of signaling pathway events where one enzyme phosphorylates another, causing a chain reaction leading to the phosphorylation of thousands of proteins. This can be seen in signal transduction of hormone messages.
Detailed explanation-3: -Protein phosphatases catalyze the cleavage of this phosphoester bond through hydrolysis. Because phosphate groups are highly negatively charged, phosphorylation of a protein alters its charge, which can then alter the conformation of the protein and ultimately its functional activity.
Detailed explanation-4: -Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become either activated or deactivated, or otherwise modifying its function.