AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Cell division occurs during M phase, which consists of nuclear division (mitosis) followed by cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis). The DNA is replicated in the preceding S phase; the two copies of each replicated chromosome (called sister chromatids) remain glued together by cohesins.

Detailed explanation-2: -During the mitotic (M) phase, the cell divides its copied DNA and cytoplasm to make two new cells. M phase involves two distinct division-related processes: mitosis and cytokinesis.

Detailed explanation-3: -Cells in either mitosis or cell division (also called cytokinesis) are in the M phase, whereas those in the other three phases (G1, S, and G2) are in the interphase.

Detailed explanation-4: -Solution : M-phase represents the phase of actual division. It consists of karyokineis (The division of nucleus) followed by cytokinesis (The division of cytoplasm). Cell divisions stop after M-phase.

Detailed explanation-5: -The G2-phase checkpoint, also known as G2/M-phase checkpoint, has the function of preventing cells with damaged DNA, lasting from the G1 and S phases or generated in G2, from undergoing mitosis. The mechanisms acting during the G2-phase checkpoint converge on the inhibition of the mitotic complex CDK1-cyclin B.