AP BIOLOGY

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THE CELL

CELL COMMUNICATION

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
Groups of bacteria can cooperate via cellular signaling mechanism called quorum sensing, where they form a biofilm. Biofilms may adhere to living and non-living surfaces and be productive or destructive. This suggests that biofilms affect:
A
biotic (living) factors
B
abiotic (nonliving) factors
C
biotic and abiotic factors
D
the environment
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -During the process of biofilm formation microorganisms have the ability to communicate with each other through quorum sensing. Quorum sensing regulates the metabolic activity of planktonic cells, and it can induce microbial biofilm formation and increased virulence.

Detailed explanation-2: -Quorum sensing bacteria produce and release chemical signal molecules called autoinducers that increase in concentration as a function of cell density. The detection of a minimal threshold stimulatory concentration of an autoinducer leads to an alteration in gene expression.

Detailed explanation-3: -Quorum sensing (QS) is a bacterial cell–cell communication process that involves the production, detection, and response to extracellular signaling molecules called autoinducers (AIs).

Detailed explanation-4: -Quorum-sensing allows individual bacteria within colonies to coordinate and carry out colony-wide functions such as: sporulation, bioluminescence, virulence, conjugation, competence and biofilm formation.

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