AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Water and solutes and larger molecules including proteins and RNA move via PD. In addition to endogenous molecules, viruses and some other pathogens have evolved to use PD as their pathway to spread inside plants. Figure 3. Plasmodesmata.

Detailed explanation-2: -In plants, micromolecules and macromolecules, such as water, ions, metabolites, proteins, RNAs, and plant viruses, spread from cell to cell through plasmodesmata (PD) (1–3). PD are plasma membrane-lined channels spanning plant cell walls that directly connect the cytoplasm between adjacent cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -In the symplastic route, water and solutes move along the cytosol. Once in this pathway, materials need to cross the plasma membrane when moving from cell to neighboring cell, and they do this via the plasmodesmata.

Detailed explanation-4: -In the symplast pathway (symplastic route), water passes from cytoplasm to cytoplasm through plasmodesmata (Figure 17.1.