AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -1. Reception: A cell detects a signaling molecule from the outside of the cell. A signal is detected when the chemical signal (also known as a ligand) binds to a receptor protein on the surface of the cell or inside the cell. 2.

Detailed explanation-2: -Paracrine signaling Often, cells that are near one another communicate through the release of chemical messengers (ligands that can diffuse through the space between the cells). This type of signaling, in which cells communicate over relatively short distances, is known as paracrine signaling.

Detailed explanation-3: -The three steps to cell signaling are reception, transduction, and response. In reception, a cell signaling molecule binds to a receptor protein on the cell membrane or inside the cell if the signaling molecule is hydrophobic and can pass through the membrane.

Detailed explanation-4: -Three Stages of Cell Signaling First, reception, whereby the signal molecule binds the receptor. Then, signal transduction, which is where the chemical signal results in a series of enzyme activations. Finally, the response, which is the resulting cellular responses.

Detailed explanation-5: -Binding initiates a signaling pathway The change in the receptor sets off a series of signaling events. For instance, the receptor may turn on another signaling molecule inside of the cell, which in turn activates its own target.