AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Protein kinases transfer a phosphoryl group from ATP onto target proteins and play a critical role in signal transduction and other cellular processes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common and important post-translational modifications (PTMs) (1, 2). This reversible mechanism occurs through protein kinases and consists of the addition of a phosphate group (PO4) to the polar group R of various amino acids.

Detailed explanation-3: -Protein kinases (PTKs) are enzymes that regulate the biological activity of proteins by phosphorylation of specific amino acids with ATP as the source of phosphate, thereby inducing a conformational change from an inactive to an active form of the protein.

Detailed explanation-4: -A type of enzyme (a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body) that adds chemicals called phosphates to other molecules, such as sugars or proteins. This may cause other molecules in the cell to become either active or inactive.

Detailed explanation-5: -Kinase is an enzyme that phosphorylates proteins. Phosphatase is an enzyme that dephosphorylates proteins, effectively undoing the action of kinase.