AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Often, cells that are near one another communicate through the release of chemical messengers (ligands that can diffuse through the space between the cells). This type of signaling, in which cells communicate over relatively short distances, is known as paracrine signaling.

Detailed explanation-2: -Paracrine signaling is a form of cell signaling, a type of cellular communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behaviour of those cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -Examples of paracrine signaling include responses to allergens, tissue repair, the formation of scar tissue, and blood clotting.

Detailed explanation-4: -Autocrine signalling is a type of cell communication, that occurs when the cell secretes a substance that is capable of provoking a reaction in itself. It comes from auto-, a Greek prefix meaning ‘self’. The secreted molecules are known as local mediators, because they only affect cells in their immediate vicinity.

Detailed explanation-5: -Paracrines (para-= beside or near) are local hormones that act on neighboring cells. This type of signaling involves the secretion of paracrine factors, which travel a short distance in the extracellular environment to affect nearby cells.