AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Hormonal communication. Chemical signals that can only travel limited distances between cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -In paracrine signaling, a molecule released by one cell acts on neighboring target cells. An example is provided by the action of neurotransmitters in carrying signals between nerve cells at a synapse. Finally, some cells respond to signaling molecules that they themselves produce.

Detailed explanation-3: -Paracrine signaling between the mesenchymal and epithelial cells and interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) are the major components of the stem cell niche that modulates cell behavior [1, 9].

Detailed explanation-4: -A system called “paracrine signaling” allows cells to communicate with each other by releasing signaling molecules that bind to and activate surrounding cells.

Detailed explanation-5: -Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions.