THE CELL
CELL COMMUNICATION
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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acting as a signal receptor that activates ion-channel proteins.
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binding with a receptor protein that enters the nucleus and activates specific genes.
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Detailed explanation-1: -Testosterone and DHT bind to the intranuclear androgen receptor to form the androgen receptor complex, which interacts with specific gene-regulatory elements, modulating the expression of various genes.
Detailed explanation-2: -Androgens are hormones (such as testosterone) that are important for normal male sexual development before birth and during puberty. Androgen receptors allow the body to respond appropriately to these hormones. The receptors are present in many of the body’s tissues, where they attach (bind) to androgens.
Detailed explanation-3: -In the Sertoli cell, testosterone signals can be translated directly to changes in gene expression (the classical pathway) or testosterone can activate kinases that may regulate processes required to maintain spermatogenesis (the non-classical pathway).
Detailed explanation-4: -Testosterone (T) enters the cell and, if 5-alpha-reductase is present, is converted into dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Upon steroid binding, the androgen receptor (AR) undergoes a conformational change and releases heat-shock proteins (hsps). Phosphorylation (P) occurs before or after steroid binding.