AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Up to 60% of all medicines exert their effects through G-protein linked receptors. The receptor has a variety of binding sites for different signal molecules and for different G-proteins.

Detailed explanation-2: -G proteins regulate metabolic enzymes, ion channels, transporter proteins, and other parts of the cell machinery, controlling transcription, motility, contractility, and secretion, which in turn regulate diverse systemic functions such as embryonic development, learning and memory, and homeostasis.

Detailed explanation-3: -The main physiological functions of G-proteins are to relay the signals from GPCRs which function as GEFs for G-proteins. Binding with exogenous or endogenous agonists induces GPCRs into an active conformational state which, in turn, influences intracellular binding of G-proteins or arrestin proteins [23, 24].